The Kingdom of Cambodia is located in the South East Asia. Cambodia is bordered by Thailand to the west and northwest, Laos to the northeast, Vietnam to the east and southeast, and the Gulf of Thailand to the south. The once powerful Khmer Empire was flourished in the land. The capital city is Phnom Penh (11 33 N, 104 55 E).
HISTORY:- Earlier Cambodia was ruled by Khmer Empire until 15th century. Angkor was the backbone of the empire where a chain of capitals was set up. Angkor was invaded by the Thai which resulted into the decline of Khmer empire in 1432. Vietnam conquered the land in 1954. For the next three centuries, Cambodian history was dominated by the conflict of the Thai and Vietnam. The Thai king King Norodom urged France to protect the land. Cambodia became a French protectorate in 1963 and remained until 1953. Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam are merged to form French Indochina. Post World War II, in 1953, Cambodia gained independence under King Norodom Sihanouk. He was dethroned in favour of his father. In 1960 Norodom returned to power. In 1963, he declared Cambobia’s neutrality in the Vietnam War. The North Vietnamese and Vietcong groups started using eastern Cambodia as a post to launch attacks to South Vietnam. A Communist guerrilla movement, Khmer Rouge broke out to pressurize Phnom Penh. Norodom was overthrown by Gen. Lon Nol. In 1975, Pol Pot ascended. Vietnam invaded Cambodia to stop genocide of Vietnamese in 1978. Peace was settled after UN agreement in 1992.
GEOGRAPHY:- Cambodia is located at 13 00 N, 105 00 E in the Southeastern Asia. The country acquires total 176,520 sq km land area and 4,520 sq km water area. The coastline is 443 km long along with the Gulf of Thailand. The lowest point is situated at the Gulf of Thailand (0) and the highest point is Phnum Aoral (1,810 m). Cambodia is mostly formed of low, flat plains. Southwestern and northern parts are mountainous. 75% of the land area is elevated less than 100 metres.
CLIMATE:- Cambodian climate is mainly tropical with slight variation in temperature. Monsoon season stays from May to November and dry season stays from December to April.
GOVERNMENT:- Cambodia has a constitutional monarchy with multiparty democracy. The constitution was promulgated on 21st September 1993. The government has three main branches:
Executive branch consists of the King (chief of state), Prime Minister (head of government), cabinet. Council of ministers is appointed by the monarch in theory and by the prime minister in practice.
Legislative branch comprises bicameral chamber, which consists of the National Assembly (123 seats) and the Senate (61 seats).
Judicial branch comprises Supreme Council of the Magistracy, and Supreme Court and lower courts.
The largest ruling parties are: a coalition government of the Cambodian People's Party (CPP), the National United Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and Cooperative Cambodia (FUNCINPEC). Opposition parties include The Sam Rainsy Party (SRP), and other minor parties. Suffrage is universal at 18.
Executive branch consists of the King (chief of state), Prime Minister (head of government), cabinet. Council of ministers is appointed by the monarch in theory and by the prime minister in practice.
Legislative branch comprises bicameral chamber, which consists of the National Assembly (123 seats) and the Senate (61 seats).
Judicial branch comprises Supreme Council of the Magistracy, and Supreme Court and lower courts.
The largest ruling parties are: a coalition government of the Cambodian People's Party (CPP), the National United Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and Cooperative Cambodia (FUNCINPEC). Opposition parties include The Sam Rainsy Party (SRP), and other minor parties. Suffrage is universal at 18.
King Norodom Sihamoni
Prime Minister Hun Sen
Prime Minister Hun Sen
ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS:- Cambodia is divided into 20 provinces.
CULTURE:- Cambodian culture is mostly known as Khmer culture. Khmer culture is characterized by numerous genres dance, architecture and sculpture. Bonn Om Teuk, (Boat Racing) is a popular national festival. Cockfighting, soccer, kicking a sey, volleyball, bodybuilding, field hockey, rugby union, golf, and baseball are the most popular sports. Sinn Sisamouth and Ros Sereysothea are the inventers of new genres in music in the country.
ECONOMY:- Garments, tourism, and construction are the main pillars of Cambodian economy. It has a fast growing per capita income but it has still a long way to go.
GDP/PPP (2006 est.): $36.78 billion; per capita $2,600.
Real growth rate: 13.4%.
Inflation: 5%.
Unemployment: 2.5% (2000 est.).
Arable land: 21%.
Agriculture: rice, rubber, corn, vegetables, cashews, tapioca.
Labor force: 7 million (2003 est.); agriculture 75% (2004 est.).
Industries: tourism, garments, rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products, rubber, cement, gem mining, textiles.
Natural resources: oil and gas, timber, gemstones, some iron ore, manganese, phosphates, hydropower potential.
Budget:
Revenues: $972.8 million
Expenditures: $1.04 billion (2007 est.)
Revenues: $972.8 million
Expenditures: $1.04 billion (2007 est.)
Debt - external: $3.891 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Exports: $3.38 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.): clothing, timber, rubber, rice, fish, tobacco, footwear.
Imports: $4.446 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.): petroleum products, cigarettes, gold, construction materials, machinery, motor vehicles, pharmaceutical products.
Major trading partners: U.S., Germany, UK, Vietnam, Canada, Thailand, Hong Kong, China, Singapore, Taiwan (2004).
Monetary unit: Riel
LANGUAGE:- Khmer is the official language and spoken by 95% of the population. Other languages are French, and English.
CITIES:- Phnom Penh is the capital and the largest city. Other large cities are Battambang, Siem Reap, Kompong Cham, Kompong Speu, Kompong Thom.
POPULATION:- Cambodia is a densely populated county having an estimated population of 14,131,858 with a growth rate of 1.8%.
Density per sq mi: 207
Literacy rate: 73.6% (2004 est.)
Density per sq mi: 207
Literacy rate: 73.6% (2004 est.)
RACE:-
Khmer 90%
Vietnamese 5%
Chinese 1%
Other 4%
Khmer 90%
Vietnamese 5%
Chinese 1%
Other 4%
RELIGION:-
Theravada Buddhist 95%
Other 5%
Theravada Buddhist 95%
Other 5%
HEALTH:-
Birth rate: 25.68 births/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Death rate: 8.16 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Probability of dying under five (per 1 000 live births): 82
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 61.69 years
Life expectancy at birth m/f (years): 59/65
Total fertility rate: 3.08 children born/woman (2008 est.)
Infant mortality rate: total: 56.59 deaths/1,000 live births
HIV/AIDS - deaths: 15,000 (2003 est.)
Total expenditure on health per capita (Intl $, 2005): 167
Birth rate: 25.68 births/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Death rate: 8.16 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Probability of dying under five (per 1 000 live births): 82
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 61.69 years
Life expectancy at birth m/f (years): 59/65
Total fertility rate: 3.08 children born/woman (2008 est.)
Infant mortality rate: total: 56.59 deaths/1,000 live births
HIV/AIDS - deaths: 15,000 (2003 est.)
Total expenditure on health per capita (Intl $, 2005): 167
UNICEF:- Cambodia is polio free. UNICEF arranged vaccinations for H5N1 avian influenza victims in 2005. Tetanus and measles cases are significantly low. 95% children have received de-worming tablets. HIV is controlled by HIV counselling, testing, and education campaigns. Most families now use iodized salts. UNICEF’s Child-Friendly Schools are established in over 500 schools and UNICEF’s ‘school readiness’ model is accepted in the national education agenda. Community pre-school programmes have reached to almost 12,000 children in 100 communities. UNICEF also works for better sanitation. UNICEF with its partners has educated 400000 children about landmines and has ruined 6,000 mines and 17,000 pieces of unexploded ordnance.
TRANSPORTATION:-
Railways: total: 602 km (2005).
Highways: total: 38,257 km; paved: 2,406 km; unpaved: 35,851 km (2004).
Waterways: 2,400 km (mainly on Mekong River) (2004).
Ports and harbors: Phnom Penh.
Airports: 20 (2006 est.).
Railways: total: 602 km (2005).
Highways: total: 38,257 km; paved: 2,406 km; unpaved: 35,851 km (2004).
Waterways: 2,400 km (mainly on Mekong River) (2004).
Ports and harbors: Phnom Penh.
Airports: 20 (2006 est.).
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